Riodinidae, a potential biological control agent of miconia calvescens melastomataceae in hawaii. Island of hawaii as possible and to integrate these efforts with a biological control program. Biology, behavior, and larval morphology of salbia. Miconia calvescens dc melastomataceae is an invasive tree considered to be the greatest threat to natural ecosystems of hawaii and other paci. Introduction introduced alien species that persist and spread in their new environment offer ideal situations to investigate such basic. Miconia calvescens melastomataceae is a notorious plant invader in the tropical. Lepidopterans as potential agents for the biological control. Strategy to control the invasive alien tree miconia calvescens. We find that optimal densities vary from approximately 1% to 18% cover throughout the island. The leaves are opposite, elliptic to obovate, usually 60 to 70 cm long sometimes up to one meter long. Euselasia chrysippe as a potential biocontrol for miconia. Biocontrol, the introduction of organisms to control an unwanted species, has been cited as a powerful method to manage the invasive species miconia calvescens in hawaii. Evidence for inhibition of a fungal biocontrol agent by a plant. One potential candidate for classical biological control is cryptorhynchus melastomae coleoptera.
The biocontrol agent introduced to control the invasive plant miconia in tahiti has allowed the regeneration and recovery of an endemic endangered plant species. Economic lessons from control efforts for an invasive species. A large number of potential biological control agents for miconia calvescens have been collected and are illustrated on a series of pages linked below. We evaluated an isolate of colletotrichum gloeosporioides that causes leaf spots on miconia spp.
Miconia is a restricted invasive plant under the biosecurity act 2014. Queensland has 3 species of miconia, all of which pose a significant threat to local rainforests. Prospective biological control in hawaii proceedings of the first regional conference on miconia control august 2629, 1997 68 fig. An economic assessment of biological control for miconia calvescens in hawaii, working papers 201007, university of hawaii economic research organization, university of hawaii at manoa.
Biological control potential of miconia calvescens using three fungal pathogens. Biological control is considered a critical tool for long term management of miconia calvescens, a neotropical tree that is a major threat to hawaiian forest ecosystems. The recovery of the native and endemic flora after the introduction of a fungal pathogen to control the invasive tree miconia calvescens in tahiti french polynesia biological control for nature, 0307 oct. A biological control approach was recognized at this early stage of the m. Survival patterns under costa rican field conditions of the gregarious caterpillar euselasia chrysippe lepidoptera. Evaluation of colletotrichum gloeosporioides for biological. To achieve this goal, operation miconia intends to treat all satellite populations, establish miconia. Melastomataceae is an invasive tree considered the most serious threat to the natural ecosystems of hawaii and other pacific islands. Forest pest biological control program in hawaii semantic scholar. Biology, behavior, and larval morphology of salbia lotanalis.
More than 60 species of arthropods were found associated with miconia calvescens at two brazilian sites in. Finally, prevention of invasion, as for diseases, is often the only. Biological control of miconia calvescens with a suite of. Native range south america description velvet tree is an evergreen tree that grows to about 50 feet in height when mature. Burnett, kimberly kaiser, brooks and roumasset, james 2007. Fungal pathogens of miconia calvescens melastomataceae from brazil, with reference to classical biological control article pdf available in mycologia 991. Miconia calvescens management plan for the big island 27 november 2000. Biological control section, plant pest control branch, hawaii department of agriculture.
The introduced plant miconia calvescens melastomataceae poses a grave threat to hawaiis native ecosystems and biodiversity. The potential for using the defoliator antiblemma leucocyma lepidoptera. Melastomataceae is an invasive tree considered the most serious threat to the natural ecosystems of hawaii and other pacific. Euselasia chrysippe as a potential biocontrol for miconia calvescens in hawai. Research at the university of costa rica on potential biological control agents of miconia calvescens was initiated in 2000. Using a historical spatiotemporal data set, we constructed a leptokurtic dispersal kernel with 99% of progeny confined to within 549 m of the nearest maternal source and the remaining 1% dispersed out to 1,636 m. In addition to ecological advantages, biocontrol is often regarded as less. Biological control potential of miconia calvescens using three fungal pathogens killgore, eloise m. Lepidopterans as potential agents for the biological.
Host range tests of a fungal pathogen from brazil, identified as colletotrichum gloeosporioides penz. Biology and host preferences of cryptorhynchus melastomae. Classical biological control of weeds via the introduction of natural enemies from the native. Biological control of miconia calvescens by phytophagous arthropods. Miconia is now considered one of the most destructive invaders in insular tropical rain forest habitats in its introduced range. Biological invasions, invasive species, issrs, genetic diversity, miconia calvescens, microsatellites. Miconia calvescens on oahu island miconia calvescens was first introduced to the hawaiian islands in 1961 by the noted botanist and horticulturist joseph f. Currently, miconia in hawaii is treated through aerial and manual.
Survival patterns under costa rican field conditions of. Ditylenchus drepanocercus rediscovered in the neotropics causing angular leaf spots on miconia calvescens. Roumasset the optimal size and location of an invasive species population depend upon spatially. The probability of biotic interference in hawaii was considered moderate. We discuss the implications of our findings with regard to the management of miconia, especially biological control. The story of a scientifically and socially successful biological control program in tahiti, french polynesia j. Each affected island has an invasive species committee made up of representatives from each of the appropriate agencies and organizations on. We map the current and future populations of an invasive species, miconia calvescens, on oahu, hawaii, and the potential damages to water quantity, quality, and endangeredspecies habitat, and weigh these against treatment costs. Status, ecology, and management of the invasive plant, miconia calvescens dc melastomataceae in the hawaiian islands. It is native to mexico and central and south america and it has become one of the worlds most invasive species. Miconia calvescens on oahu, hawaii volume 39 issue s1 kimberly m. Survey for potential biological control agents for.
More than 60 species of arthropods were found associated with miconia calvescens at two brazilian sites in a oneyear survey for potential biological control. A potential classical biological control agent for weedy melastomataceae a. Miconia calvescens melastomataceae hear species info. Proceedings of a workshop on biological control of invasive plants in.
Biology, herbivory, and host specificity of antiblemma. A potential classical biological control agent for weedy melastomataceae. Prospective biological control of miconia calvescens in. Classical biological control aims to actively manage threats that cause immense losses in biological diversity. Dec 01, 2010 the introduced plant miconia calvescens melastomataceae poses a grave threat to hawaiis native ecosystems and biodiversity. Biological control of miconia calvescens with a suite of insect herbivores from. Biological control of miconia calvescens with a suite of insect. Eight species of lepidoptera were found attacking m.
Lepidopterans as potential agents for the biological control of the invasive plant, miconia calvescens. Pca alien plant working group velvet tree miconia calvescens. Miconia calvescens is a small tree native to rainforests of tropical america where it primarily invades treefall gaps and is uncommon. Miconia calvescens, the velvet tree, miconia, or bush currant, is a species of flowering plant in the family melastomataceae. Psyllidae has been proposed as a candidate biological control agent for miconia calvescens melastomataceae, a neotropical tree regarded as one of the worst threats to the rainforest ecosystems of several pacific islands. Control methods control methods for miconia provides simple to follow steps on how to stop the miconia invasion on the island of hawaii. Psyllidae has been proposed as a candidate biological control agent for miconia calvescens melastomataceae, a neotropical tree regarded as one of the worst threats to the rainforest ecosystems of several paci.
Biological control of miconia calvescens by phytophagous. Photographic documentation of natural enemies of miconia calvescens melastomataceae found in central and south america between july 1993 and september 1995. The search for biological control of miconia calvescens. An economic assessment of biological control for miconia. Fungal pathogens of miconia calvescens melastomataceae.
Argidae as a biological control agent of miconia was evaluated in field and laboratory studies in its native range in. Miconia miconia calvescens dc was introduced to the east maui watershed emw a halfcentury ago with more than 25 yr of management recorded. Explorations in costa rica and brazil yielded several promising natural enemies which are being evaluated now for host specificity. Miconia calvescens has also been found at nurseries in northern new south wales. Cryptorhynchinae, a stemboring weevil from central and south america. Melastomataceae is an invasive tree considered one of the greatest threats to natural ecosystems of hawaii and other pacific islands. In addition to ecological advantages, biocontrol is often regarded as less costly than traditional methods despite the large initial investment. Melastomataceae is a severe weed found in rainforest ecosystems on oceanic islands, including french polynesia, hawaii and new caledonia, and.
Miconia calvescens is a highly invasive shrub in tropical oceanic island ecosystems and the fungus colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. Insects that feed on miconia calvescens in costa rica. The serious threat and invasion of miconia calvescens into the hawaiian ecosystem gagne et al. Euselasia chrysippe as a potential biocontrol for miconia calvescens. A prominent feature of the leaves is the three prominent longitudinal veins. Fungal pathogens of miconia calvescens melastomataceae from.
More than 60 species of arthropods were found associated with miconia calvescens at two brazilian sites in a oneyear survey for potential biological control agents within the weeds native range in minas gerais, brazil. Ditylenchus drepanocercus nematoda, a potential biological control agent for miconia calvescens melastomataceae. The search for natural enemies of miconia calvescens has been underway since 1993, when. Miconia calvescens dc, herein miconia, is a diploid 2n 32 member of the melastomataceae with a neotropic native range extending 40 of latitude from southern mexico to northern argentina and southern. Proceedings of the seventh international symposium on biological control of weeds.
Miconia calvescens is a woody invasive shrubby tree capable of reaching 15m in height. Pdf biological control of miconia calvescens by phytophagous. They are produced abundantly in fungal fruiting structures and each is capable of causing an. Hedychium gardnerianum, miconia calvescens, myrica faya, passitlora mollissima, psidium. Lepidopterans as potential agents for the biological control of the invasive plant, miconia calvescens elisangela g. During searches for pathogens to be used as classical biocontrol agents for miconia calvescens velvet tree. Proceedings of the first regional conference on miconia control august 2629, 1997 4 epidemiology of the invasion by miconia calvescens and reasons for a spectacular success. Interpreting lifehistory traits of miconia miconia. Pacific cooperative studies unit, university of hawaii at manoa, department of botany. Ecology, host specificity and impact of atomacera petroa on miconia calvescens the potential of the sawfly atomacera petroa hymenoptera. Keywords biological invasions, invasive species, issrs, genetic diversity, miconia calvescens, microsatellites. Crambidae, a potential biological control agent of.
Genetic diversity and structure of the invasive tree. Biological control of miconia calvescens with a suite of insect herbivores from costa rica and brazil f. Miconia has been introduced to relatively few tropical islands in the paci. Search for biological control of miconia calvescens images of natural enemies of miconia found in central and south america are from a 19931995 hawaii department of agriculture search for biocontrol agents.
Pdf an economic assessment of biological control for. A twoweek survey was conducted in august 2006, in the state of chiapas, mexico, to locate populations of miconia calvescens and to identify insect and other natural enemy species present on it that might have potential as biological control agents. Martins2f 1embrapa roraima brazilian agricultural research corporations, boa vista, roraima, brazil. Genetic diversity and structure of the invasive tree miconia. Invasion biology introduced species summary project. Strategy to control the invasive alien tree miconia. Biological control is considered an essential tool for long term management of m. The introduction of a biological control agent colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. Miconia calvescens melastomataceae, from the neotropics, is a noxious forest weed in hawaii. Tremendous efforts have been made in the hawaiian islands to control miconia calvescens.
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